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Native Plant List for Idaho, Eastern Oregon, and Eastern Washington

Last updated: September 5, 2026

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This is a "starter" list of native plants for Idaho, Eastern Oregon, and Eastern Washington. It is intended for residential or commercial landscapers who want to create attractive and varied native landscapes.

Idaho, Eastern Oregon, and Eastern Washington Trees

Common Name Scientific Name Sun Moisture Height Comments
Big-tooth Maple Acer grandidentatum F-P A-W 8–40 ft Fall foliage varies from orange to yellow.
White alder Alnus rhombifolia F-P W-A 40-80 ft Riparian obligate; fast streamside shade tree, needs reliable moisture
Water Birch Betula occidentalis F A-W 15–25 ft An excellent choice for Rocky Mtn. states.
Netleaf Hackberry Celtis reticulata F D 10–30 ft Reddish orange berries in the fall.
River Hawthorn Crataegus rivularis F-P A-W 10-25 ft Thicket-forming streamside hawthorn; dark fruit, intermontane West
Western Juniper Juniperus occidentalis F D 20–30 ft Blue-green cones appear in the spring.
Western Larch Larix occidentalis F A 150 ft This deciduous conifer turns golden in fall.
Engelmann Spruce Picea engelmannii F-P A 80-130 ft High-elevation conifer; cold-hardy; needs moist, well-drained soil
Blue Spruce Picea pungens F-P A 30 ft Large evergreen with a silver-blue color.
Whitebark Pine Pinus albicaulis F D 20–60 ft (3–10 ft krummholz at treeline) Subalpine tree; very slow; federally threatened; not for gardens
Pinyon Pine Pinus edulis F D 10–20 ft Requires full sun and good drainage.
Jeffrey Pine Pinus jeffreyi F D 80–130 ft Dry montane pine; vanilla-scented bark; tolerates serpentine soils
Western White Pine Pinus monticola F-P A 150 ft or more Grows best in sun with moist, well-drained soil.
Ponderosa Pine Pinus ponderosa F D 130 ft Yellow brown, sweet-scented bark on old trees.
Quaking Aspen Populus tremuloides F W 50 ft Leaves turn gold in fall, shimmer in wind.
Black Cottonwood Populus trichocarpa F W 100 ft Oval leaves are glossy dark green.
Douglas Fir Pseudotsuga menziesii F-P A 200 ft Best in full sun with well-drained soil.
Arroyo willow Salix lasiolepis F-P W-A 10-20 ft Riparian/arroyo thicket shrub; fast, very early spring bloom for bees
Scouler's willow Salix scouleriana F-P A-D 15-30 ft Early silvery catkins; unusually drought-tolerant for a willow
Rocky Mountain Ash Sorbus scopulina F-P W 13 ft Bet in moist, well-drained acidic soil.
Pacific Yew Taxus brevifolia P-S A-W 15-50 ft Shade understory tree; all parts but red aril flesh are highly toxic

Idaho, Eastern Oregon, and Eastern Washington Shrubs

Common Name Scientific Name Sun Moisture Height Comments
Rocky Mountain Maple Acer glabrum F-P A-W 8–25 ft Showy fall foliage is red, orange, and yellow.
Saskatoon Serviceberry Amelanchier alnifolia P A 5–20 ft White flowers April-May become purple fruit.
Pinemat manzanita Arctostaphylos nevadensis F-P D 0.5-2 ft Prostrate mat-forming shrub for rocky slopes; spreads 3-8 ft wide
Greenleaf manzanita Arctostaphylos patula F-P D 2-6 ft Cold-hardy mountain shrub, bright green leaves, resprouts after fire
Kinnikinnick Arctostaphylos uva-ursi P A 6 in Mat-forming shrub has pink flowers Mar-Apr.
Silver Sagebrush Artemisia cana F D-A 3–5 ft Semi-evergreen shrub with silver foliage.
Fringed Sagebrush Artemisia frigida F A 8–18 in Foliage is metallic silver.
Louisiana Sage Artemisia ludoviciana F D-A 24–36 in (shorter forms 6–18 in) Rhizomatous perennial; spreads; not culinary sage.
Black sagebrush Artemisia nova F D 4–16 in Low cushion shrub for rocky/shallow soils; key winter wildlife browse
Big Sagebrush Artemisia tridentata F D-A 3–12 ft Yellow inconspicuous flowers in the fall
Four-wing Saltbush Atriplex canescens F D-A 4–5 ft Yellow inconspicuous flowers mid-spring
Shadscale Atriplex confertifolia F A-D 1-3 ft Spiny gray shrub; extreme drought/salt tolerance, winter browse
Resin Birch Betula glandulosa F-P W-A 1-4 ft Bog/alpine shrub; glandular twigs; distinct from Bog Birch
Bog Birch Betula pumila F-P W 2-10 ft Wetland obligate shrub; calcareous fens & bogs; not for dry sites
California Brickellbush Brickellia californica F-P A-D 2-5 ft Late-blooming shrub for dry, rocky soil; not bursage
Pinemat Ceanothus prostratus F-P D 4-12 in Mat-forming evergreen groundcover; sharp drainage, blue flowers
Curl-leaf Mtn. Mahog. Cercocarpus ledifolius F D-A 8–15 ft Evergreen; dark green leaves, gray bark
Mountain Mahogany Cercocarpus montanus F-P A 5–10 ft White flowers Apr-May, Plumes persist into fall
Fern Bush Chamaeb. millefolium F A 6–8 ft White flowers in summer
Rubber Rabbitbrush Chrysoth. nauseosus F D-A 2–7 ft Dark yellow flowers late summer into fall
Green Rabbitbrush Chrysoth. viscidiflorus F D-A 36 in Leaves green, shiny, and sticky
Red-osier Dogwood Cornus stolonifera F-S A 3–9 ft White flowers May-Jun, berries attract birds
Douglas Hawthorn Crataegus doulasii F-P A 8–20 ft Showy clusters of white flowers mid spring
Mormon Tea Ephedra viridis F D 2–5 ft Yellow flower-like cones and berry-like fruits.
Apache Plume Fallugia paradoxa F D-A 4–6 ft White to rose flowers late spring-early summer
Spiny hopsage Grayia spinosa F D 1–3 ft Spiny, drought-deciduous; pink female fruit bracts; key spring browse
Winterfat Kraschen. lanata F D 12–36 in Tolerates highly alkaline soil, needs drainage
Creeping Oregon Grape Mahonia repens P-S D-A 12 in Holly-like leaves; drought and shade tolerant
Mockorange, Syringa Philadelphus lewisii F-P D-A 4–10 ft Incredibly fragrant flowers begin late spring
Ninebark Physocarp. malvaceus F-S A 3–6 ft White flowers (spring); red fall color
Shrubby Cinquefoil Potentilla fruticosa P A 36 in Yellow flowers early summer- mid fall
Bitter Cherry Prunus emarginata F-P A 6–8 ft Fragrant white flowers become red cherries
Chokecherry Prunus virginiana F-P A 10–20 ft White flowers in spring become red-purple fruit
Antelope Bitterbush Purshia tridentata F D 5–8 ft Yellow highly fragrant flowers Apr-May.
Smooth Sumac Rhus glabra F-P A 4–20 ft Compound, blue-green leaves turn red in fall.
Oakleaf Sumac Rhus trilobata F-P D-A 3–6 ft Leaves turn a bright red to orange color in fall.
Golden Currant Ribes aureum F-P A 3–6 ft Bright yellow flowers in early spring.
Wax currant Ribes cereum F-P A-D 2–6 ft Spineless, very drought-tolerant; pink flowers, orange-red berries
Red-flowering Currant Ribes sanguineum P A 3–5 ft Pale to dark pink flower spikes in early spring.
Woods' Rose Rosa woodsii F-S D-A 3–4 ft Pale to dark pink flowers bloom in late May.
Blue Elderberry Sambucus cerulea F-P W 8–12 ft Small white flowers in late spring; attracts birds
Silver Buffaloberry Sheperdia argentea P W-A 10–15 ft Dense form of silver foliage, good bird habitat
Russet Buffaloberry Sheperdia canadensis F-P D-A 3–12 ft Leaves are blue-green, often with rusty dots
Common Snowberry Symphoricarpos albus P-S A 4–6 ft Pink to white flwoers bloom in May or June
Gray horsebrush Tetradymia canescens F D 1–3 ft Woolly gray shrub, yellow summer flowers; foliage toxic to sheep
Velvetleaf Blueberry Vaccinium myrtilloides F-P A-D 6–24 in Low colonial shrub; edible berries; needs acidic, well-drained soil

Idaho, Eastern Oregon, and Eastern Washington Flowering Perennials (Wildflowers)

Common Name Scientific Name Sun Moisture Height Comments
Western Yarrow Achillea millefolium F D 12–42 in White flowers fading to cream from spring-fall
Columbian Monkshood Aconitum columbianum F-P W-A 2–6 ft Highly toxic (aconitine), all parts; wet meadows/stream banks only
Parry's Agave Agave parryi F D 24 in Light gray to green foliage is broad and flat
Nodding Wild Onion Allium cernuum F-P A-D 8–20 in Dry soil; nodding white-pink summer flowers; deer resistant
Pearly Everlasting Anaphalis margaritacea F-P A 6–18 in White flowers bloom prolifically Jun-Sep
Small-flowered Anemone Anemone parviflora F-P A 2–8 in Alpine rock-garden anemone; toxic sap, not for lowland beds
Rosy Pussytoes Antennaria rosea F-P A 4–8 in Pink and white flowers Jun-Jul; drought tolerant
Mountain Death Camas Anticlea elegans F-P A-D 1-2.5 ft HIGHLY TOXIC bulb/foliage; do not confuse with edible Camassia
CO Blue Columbine Aquilegia coerulea P A 12–30 in Blue-and-white mountain columbine, Jun–Aug; moist but well-drained soil. Distinct from eastern red columbine.
Western Columbine Aquilegia formosa P A-W 24–36 in Unique red and yellow flowers spring-summer
Wild Sarsaparilla Aralia nudicaulis P-S A 1-2 ft Rhizomatous woodland ground cover; white umbels, dark berries
flatbud prickly poppy Argemone munita F D 2–4 ft Spiny wildflower, showy white blooms; sap toxic, use gloves
Western Wild Ginger Asarum caudatum S A-W 4-6 in Evergreen shade groundcover; glossy leaves, hidden maroon flowers
Showy Milkweed Asclepias speciosa F-P A-D 2-4 ft Monarch host plant; toxic sap; spreads by rhizome
Wild Aster Aster spp. F A 12–36 in Purple, light blue to cream flowers
Freckled Milkvetch Astragalus lentiginosus F D 4-20 in Silvery, spreading legume; pods freckled with red, namesake feature
Sego lily Calochortus nuttallii F D 6–18 in Utah's state flower; bulb goes dormant through dry summers
Blue Camas Camassia quamash F W 12–24 in Blue petals and yellow stamen blooms May-Jun
Desert Paintbrush Castilleja angustifolia F A-D 6-16 in Root hemiparasite; needs host shrub/grass; don't dig from wild
wavy-leaved paintbrush Castilleja applegatei F-P A-D 6-16 in Root hemiparasite; plant near sagebrush or bunchgrass host
Scarlet Paintbrush Castilleja miniata F-P A-D 8-32 in Root hemiparasite; needs grass/sedge host; don't dig from wild
Water Hemlock Cicuta maculata F-P W 3-6 ft Extremely toxic; wetlands/ditches only, not for gardens
Miner's Lettuce Claytonia perfoliata P-S A-W 4-12 in Shade groundcover; edible mild green; self-sows, dies back in summer
grand collomia Collomia grandiflora F-P D 8 in - 3 ft Annual wildflower; apricot flowers; reseeds in lean dry soil
tapertip hawksbeard Crepis acuminata F D 1-2.5 ft Taprooted sagebrush-steppe perennial; yellow; key wildlife forage
Hoary Tansyaster Dieteria canescens F D 0.5-2 ft Bushy gray-hairy wildflower; purple fall rays, very drought tolerant
Purple Coneflower Echinacea purpurea F-P A 24–36 in Continuously blooms (purple) summer-fall
Cut-leaf Daisy Erigeron compositus F D 1–10 in White to lavender flower heads; spring to summer depending on elevation; gritty, well-drained soil
arrowleaf buckwheat Eriogonum compositum F D 8–20 in Arrow-shaped woolly leaves; cream flower heads draw many pollinators
Wyeth Buckwheat Eriogonum heracleoides F D-A 4–24 in Creamy white flowers; woody-based perennial of dry, well-drained sites
Slender Buckwheat Eriogonum microthecum F A-D 4in-2ft Wiry low subshrub; many regional varieties; late-summer bloom
Snow Buckwheat Eriogonum niveum F D 6–24 in (occasionally taller) Late-summer to fall white flowers aging pink; dry, sharply drained sites; woody base
naked buckwheat Eriogonum nudum F D 8–24 in Long-blooming wildflower on bare stems above a basal rosette
Cushion Buckwheat Eriogonum ovalifolium F A-D 2-6 in Silvery mat-forming cushion with round pompom flowerheads
Sulfur Buckwheat Eriogonum umbellatum F A 12 in Yellow flowers with hints of reddish orange
Woolly Sunflower Eriophyllum lanatum F A-D 4–40 in (variety dependent) Yellow flower heads, spring to summer; woolly foliage; local varieties differ in size and water needs
Lewis Monkeyflower Erythranthe lewisii F-P W 1–2.5 ft Magenta streamside flowers; needs constant moisture, bee-pollinated
Checker Lily Fritillaria affinis P-S A 8–24 in Nodding mottled bells; shaded woodland bulb; dry summer rest
Blanket Flower Gaillardia aristata F-P A 24 in Flower rays a mix of red, yellow or orange
Sweet-scented Bedstraw Galium triflorum P-S A 6-24 in trailing groundcover Fragrant shade groundcover for rich, consistently moist soil
Northern Gentian Gentianella amarella F-P W-A 4–16 in Fringed purple autumn flowers; wet mountain meadows & fens
Sticky Geranium Gerani. viscosissimum F-P A 12–30 in Pink to lavender flowers with red veins May-Sep
Richardson's Geranium Geranium richardsonii P A 1–3 ft White purple-veined flowers; aspen groves & moist mountain meadows
Prairie Smoke Geum triflorum F-P A 18 in Reddish to purplish flowers
Globe Gilia Gilia capitata F-P D-A 4 in–3 ft Round blue flower heads; sandy/rocky soil; self-sows from seed
Cow parsnip Heracleum maximum F-P A-W 4-8 ft Striking wildflower; sap is phototoxic, causes skin burns in sun
Texas Red Yucca Hesperaloe parviflora F D 4 ft Red blooms in summer reach 5'; slow-growing
hairy golden aster Heterotheca villosa F D 6 in–2 ft Long-blooming yellow native; very drought tolerant
crevice alumroot Heuchera micrantha P-S A-D 1–3 ft (flowering) Roots into rock crevices; airy white flower sprays
Scarlet Gilia Ipomopsis aggregata (syn. Gilia aggregata) F-P A-D 12–30 in Hummingbird flowers; biennial or short-lived, often flowering once; allow reseeding
Western Blue Flag Iris missouriensis F-P W-A 10-28 in Blue-violet wet-meadow iris; toxic, deer-resistant, alkaline-tolerant
Tall Blue Lettuce Lactuca biennis F-P A-W 3–8 ft Biennial; milky sap can irritate skin
Bitterroot Lewisia rediviva F D 1–4 in MT state flower; leafless pink blooms on bare rock, dry summer rest
Twinflower Linnaea borealis P-S A-W 2-4 in Evergreen groundcover for cool, acidic, shaded sites; slow to spread
Wild Blue Flax Linum perenne F-P A 8–24 in L. perenne is introduced; native flax is L. lewisii. Confirm row identity. Source
Arctic Lupine Lupinus arcticus F-P A 6–20 in Toxic alpine wildflower for rock gardens; nitrogen-fixing.
Silver Lupine Lupinus argenteus F-P A 8–24 in Blue to white flowers; nitrogen fixing
miniature lupine Lupinus bicolor F-P D 2-12 in Low, early bicolor spikes; self-seeds; avoid rich fertilized soil
broadleaf lupine Lupinus latifolius F-P A-D 1-3 ft Showy blue-purple spikes; nitrogen-fixer; needs sharp drainage
Prairie Lupine Lupinus lepidus F A-D 4–24 in Tough prairie-to-alpine native; nitrogen-fixer; toxic if eaten.
Common Madia Madia elegans F D 1-4 ft Annual tarweed; sticky foliage; yellow daisies through dry summer
Starry False Lily Maianthemum stellatum P-S A-D 8-18 in Rhizomatous woodland groundcover; starry flowers; berries inedible
American Wild Mint Mentha arvensis F-P W-A 6in-2ft Native wetland mint; spreads by rhizome; flowers at leaf joints
Blazing Star Mentzelia laevicaulis F D 1-4 ft Huge yellow flowers open at dusk; needs sharp drainage
Mountain Bluebells Mertensia ciliata P-F W 1–4 ft Streamside wildflower; pink buds open sky blue
Muskflower Mimulus moschatus P-S W 4-12 in Mat-forming wet-shade wildflower; yellow blooms late spring-fall
Indian Pipe Monotropa uniflora S A-W 3-10 in Non-photosynthetic; parasitizes fungi; never dig or transplant
Alpine Forget-me-not Myosotis asiatica F-P A-W 4-10 in AK state flower; rock garden alpine, not invasive forget-me-not
MO Evening Primrose Oenoth. missouriensis F D 6–12 in Yellow flowers Jun-Sep; slightly fragrant
dune evening primrose Oenothera deltoides F A-D 1-3 ft Sandy desert biennial; large white flowers age pink; moth-pollinated
Prickly Pear Cactus Opuntia spp. F D 12 in Flowers of yellow, pink, or red bloom Jun-Jul
Elephant's Head Pedicularis groenlandica F-P W 6–24 in Wet meadow specialist; needs saturated soil, often near sedges
Pagoda Penstemon Penstemon angustifolius F A 12 in Comes in various shades of blue to lavender
Scarlet Bugler Penstemon barbatus F A 24–36 in Distinctly bright red corolla, flowers Jun-Sep
Dark Blue Penstemon Penstemon cyaneus F A-D 12–32 in Blue flowers; native to ID/MT/WY, not native to OR/WA.
Hot Rock Penstemon Penstemon deustus F D 8–24 in Small creamy white flowers May-Jun
Firecracker Penstemon Penstemon eatonii F A 36 in Flower stalks lined with bright red flowers
Shrubby Penstemon Penstemon fruticosus F A-D 6–18 in Blue/lavender to light purplish flowers May-Jun
Palmer Penstemon Penstemon palmeri F D-A 2–4 ft Large pink fragrant flowers attract hummingbird
Pine-Leaf Penstemon Penstemon pinifolius F A-D 6–18 in Southwestern native (AZ/NM); not native to ID, OR or WA.
Rydberg's Penstemon Penstemon rydbergii F-P A 8–28 in Bluish-purple flowers in whirls around stem
Showy Penstemon Penstemon speciosus F-P A-D 12–24 in (to 32 in) Blue flowers May-Jul; well-drained soil; not a 2-6 inch plant.
Rocky Mtn. Penstemon Penstemon strictus F A 12–36 in Blue to violet blooms Jun-Jul
Lovely Penstemon Penstemon venustus F A-D 12–32 in Lavender-purple flowers; native locally in ID/OR/WA, not throughout.
Whipple's Penstemon Penstemon whippleanus F-P A 8–24 in Dusky purple or pale flowers; native to ID, not OR/WA.
Prairie Clover Petalostem. purpureum F D 12–30 in Pinkish purple flowers May-Sep; fixes nitrogen
Varileaf Phacelia Phacelia heterophylla F-P A-D 1-3 ft Biennial wildflower, coiled flowers; irritant hairs, wear gloves
Douglas's Phlox Phlox douglasii F D 2–4 in Spiny cushion plant for scree/rock gardens; needs very sharp drainage
longleaf phlox Phlox longifolia F A-D 4-16 in Sagebrush-steppe wildflower; white-pink flowers; very drought tolerant
Showy Phlox Phlox speciosa F-P D 6-20 in Mounding dryland perennial; notched pink flowers in spring
Sticky Cinquefoil Potentilla glandulosa F-P D 1-2.5 ft Rocky, dry sites; sticky glandular foliage; deer resistant
Graceful Cinquefoil Potentilla gracilis F-P D 1-2 ft Deep-rooted meadow wildflower; silvery leaf undersides; deer resistant
Few-flowered Shooting Star Primula pauciflora F-P W-A 4-16 in Spring-wet meadows/seeps only; magenta flowers; summer dormant
Great Basin sage Salvia dorrii F D 1-3 ft Blue-violet spring blooms; needs sharp drainage
yerba buena Satureja douglasii P-S A-W 1-2 in Trailing fragrant groundcover for shade; small white flowers
Oregon checkerbloom Sidalcea oregana F-P A-W 2-4.5 ft Wet meadows; tall pink spikes; needs moist to wet soil
Goldenrod Solidago spp. F A 2–5 ft Yellow flowers cover plant late summer-fall
Desert Globemallow Sphaeralcea ambigua F A 20–40 in Orange to brick red flowers Mar-Jun
Gooseberry-leaf Globe. Sphaeralcea grossulariifolia F D-A 12–36 in Orange flowers; short-lived dryland perennial. Allow some seed for renewal; regional range varies.
Orange Globemallow Sphaeralcea munroana F D-A 8–32 in Apricot-pink to reddish-orange flowers
Prince's Plume Stanleya pinnata F D 3–4 ft Spikes of lacy yellow flowers spring-summer
Douglas Aster Symphyotrichum subspicatum F-P A-W 1-4 ft Wetland native; tolerates seasonal flooding, good for rain gardens
Meadow Death Camas Toxicoscordion venenosum F-P A-D 8–28 in HIGHLY TOXIC if eaten; toxic native wildflower, not for food gardens
coastal/springbank clover Trifolium wormskioldii F-P A-W 4–12 in Native groundcover clover; magenta/white blooms; nitrogen-fixer
Western Trillium Trillium ovatum P-S A-W 8-16 in Never dig from wild; picking the flower can kill the plant
American Stinging Nettle Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis P-S A-W 3–7 ft Stings on contact, wear gloves; native butterfly host plant
California Corn Lily Veratrum californicum F-P W-A 3–7 ft Extremely poisonous wet-meadow perennial; keep from livestock/pets
Goosefoot Violet Viola purpurea F-P D-A 2-6 in Low rock-garden perennial, yellow flowers, very drought tolerant
Arrowleaf Balsamroot Wyethia sagittata (syn. Balsamorhiza sagittata) F D 12–30 in Spring flowers; slow seedling establishment, flowering may take several years; deep taproot
Narrowleaf Yucca Yucca glauca F A 3–6 ft Creamy white bell shaped flowers in July

Idaho, Eastern Oregon, and Eastern Washington Grasses

Common Name Scientific Name Sun Moisture Height Comments
Indian Ricegrass Achnather. hymenoides F D 12–16 in Beautiful inflorescence when it goes to seed
western needlegrass Achnatherum occidentale F-P D 1–2½ ft Fine-textured dry-slope bunchgrass; needs sharp drainage
Thurber's Needlegrass Achnatherum thurberianum F D 1-2 ft Sagebrush-steppe bunchgrass; awned seed can injure grazing animals
Thingrass Agrostis pallens F-P D-A 4 in-2 ft Fine-textured native lawn substitute; mowable; spreads by rhizome
Little Bluestem Andropogon scoparium F A 12–36 in Blue-green warm season grass; reddish in fall
Blue Grama Bouteloua gracilis F D 4–12 in Mat forming warm season grass
California Brome Grass Bromus carinatus F-P A-D 1.5-5 ft Fast-establishing native bunchgrass; good for erosion control
Mountain Brome Bromus marginatus F-P A-D 2-4 ft Fast short-lived bunchgrass for erosion control and meadow mixes
Buffalograss Buchloe dactyloides F D 3–5 in Long blue-gray to green blades; reddish in fall
Bigleaf Sedge Carex amplifolia P-S W 20-39 in Broad-leaved wetland sedge for shaded, consistently wet streambanks
Santa Barbara Sedge Carex barbarae F-P A-W 1-3 ft Rhizomatous streambank sedge, historically used for basketry fiber
Lake sedge Carex lacustris F-P W 2–4 ft Spreading wetland sedge for shoreline stabilization, standing water
Field Sedge Carex praegracilis F-P A-D 8-20 in Spreads by rhizome; tolerates clay, compaction, and alkaline soils
Fox sedge Carex vulpinoidea F-P A-W 1–3 ft Sunny wet meadow sedge; bristly brown spikes; rain gardens, pond edges
California Oatgrass Danthonia californica F-P A-D 1-3 ft Cool-season bunchgrass for meadows and prairie restoration
annual hairgrass Deschampsia danthonioides F-P W-D 1-2 ft Annual vernal pool/seasonal wetland grass; wet-then-dry cycle required
Common Spikerush Eleocharis palustris F-P W 8–32 in Rhizomatous wetland sedge; stabilizes pond/stream margins
Bottlebrush Squirreltail Elymus elymoides F D 13–24 in Unique tufted seed head in mid-spring
blue wildrye Elymus glaucus F-P A-D 2-4 ft Fast-establishing bunchgrass; good erosion control; short-lived
Big Squirreltail Elymus multisetus F A-D 6-20 in Shaggy-awned bunchgrass; fast post-fire restoration grass
Rough Fescue Festuca campestris F-P A-D 1–2 ft (stalks to 3.5 ft) Slow-establishing bunchgrass; recovers slowly from heavy grazing.
Idaho Fescue Festuca idahoensis F-P D-A 6–10 in foliage; 12–39.6 in flowering Fine-leaved native bunchgrass; well-drained soil; seasonal growth.
Sheep Fescue Festuca ovina F-P D-A 18 in European F. ovina is introduced; legacy identity uncertain. Verify before planting; avoid wet sites. Source.
Red Fescue Festuca rubra F-P A 1–2 ft Fine-leaved rhizomatous grass; shade tolerant; good erosion control
Baltic Rush Juncus balticus F W-A 1–3 ft Rhizomatous wetland rush; green stems; key fiber plant for basketry
Great Basin Wildrye Leymus cinereus F D 4–6 ft Bluish tan blades with wheatlike seed heads
Bluebunch Wheatgrass Pseudo. spicata F D 13–24 in Bluish cast, decorative inflorescence
Chairmaker's Bulrush Schoenoplectus americanus F-P W 1-4 ft Leafless triangular-stemmed sedge; fresh/brackish marshes, pond edges
Panicled Bulrush Scirpus microcarpus F-P W 3–5 ft Fast-spreading wetland sedge for ponds, rain gardens, streambanks
Sand Dropseed Sporobolus cryptandrus F D 8–16 in Stays green in heat of summer; resists fire if mowed anually
Sun Exposure Soil Moisture Drought Tolerance
F = Full Sun W = Wet E = Excellent
P = Part Sun A = Average G = Good
S = Shade D = Dry M = Moderate
P = Poor

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