How Do Peanuts Grow: A Comprehensive Guide
Last updated: February 15, 2026
Peanuts, also known as groundnuts, are a popular snack and ingredient in many cuisines. However, have you ever wondered how peanuts grow? Peanuts are legumes and not nuts, and they grow underground. In this article, we will explore the process of peanut growth, from planting to harvest.
- Peanuts are legumes, not true nuts — they grow underground after their flower stalks (pegs) push into the soil
- They need a long, warm growing season (120–150 frost-free days) to mature
- Best soil: loose, sandy, well-drained — compacted soil prevents pod development
- Peanuts fix atmospheric nitrogen through root nodule bacteria, improving soil fertility
- Harvest when 70–75% of inner shells show dark veining — usually August to October
The first step in growing peanuts is planting. Peanuts grow best in warm temperatures and sandy soil. Farmers typically plant peanuts in rows, with seeds placed about 2 inches deep and 6 inches apart. Once planted, the seeds will germinate within 7-10 days. As the peanut plant grows, it will develop yellow flowers, which eventually turn into pods. Each pod contains two to three peanut seeds, which will mature over the course of several months.
As the peanut seeds mature, they will begin to grow underground. This is because the peanut plant sends out pegs, which are thin stems that grow down into the soil. The pegs will eventually reach the ground and burrow into it, where the peanut seeds will develop and mature. Once the peanuts are fully matured, the farmer will harvest them by uprooting the entire plant and shaking off the soil. The peanuts will then be dried and sorted before being sold or used for further processing.
