Native Plant List for Arkansas, Louisiana, Eastern Oklahoma, and Eastern Texas
Last updated: September 3, 2026
See Also:
- Plants Native to Oklahoma for Landscaping with Pictures
- The Best Texas Native Plants for Landscaping
This is a "starter" list of native plants for Arkansas, Louisiana, Eastern Oklahoma, and Eastern Texas. It is intended for residential or commercial landscapers who want to create attractive and varied native landscapes.
Arkansas, Louisiana, Eastern Oklahoma, and Eastern Texas Trees
| Common Name | Scientific Name | Sun | Moisture | Height | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Florida Maple | Acer barbatum | P | W-A | 20–25 ft | Not as much fall clr as sug maple; seeds eaten by birds |
| Black maple | Acer nigrum | F-P | A | 60-80 ft | Like Sugar Maple but tolerates alkaline, clay soils |
| Red Maple | Acer rubrum | P-S | W-D | 60–100 ft | One of 1st trees to show fall color; small red dense flwrs |
| Chalk Maple | Acer saccharum | P | A-D | 25–30 ft | Brilliant yellow-orange to crimson in fall; pest free |
| Red Buckeye | Aesculus pavia | F-S | W-A | 10–15 ft | Salmon/red flwrs in spring; attracts hummers and bees |
| River Birch | Betula nigra | F-P | W-A | 30–90 ft | Multistemmed desired; seeds attract birds |
| Blue Beech | Carpinus carolianiana | S | W-A | 35–50 ft | Good street tree; scarlet fall color |
| Water Hickory | Carya aquatica | F-P | W-A | 60-100 ft | Bottomland tree of flooded clay flats and sloughs; bitter inedible nut |
| Pecan | Carya illinoinensis | F | A-W | 70-100 ft | Large bottomland tree; needs 2nd tree to pollinate well |
| Mockernut Hickory | Carya tomentosa | F-P | A-D | 50-80 ft | Slow-growing; thick-shelled nuts; very dry-tolerant on uplands |
| Southern Catalpa | Catalpa bignonioides | F-P | A-W | 30-40 ft | Showy white flowers, cigar-like pods; native only to Gulf Coast |
| Northern Catalpa | Catalpa speciosa | F-P | A-W | 40–70 ft | Fast grower; huge leaves; long pods; brittle wood; small native range |
| Sugarberry (Southern Hackberry) | Celtis laevigata | F-P | W-A | 60–80 ft | Orange to blue-black, fruit attracts birds; yellow in fall |
| Redbud | Cercis canadensis | P-S | A-D | 15–30 ft | Rosy-pink flowers in spring; drought-tolerant; yellow in fall |
| Fringe Tree | Chionanthus virginicus | F-P | W-A | 15–25 ft | Creamy white fragrant flowers in May; dark blue fruit in fall |
| Flowering Dogwood | Cornus florida | P | A | 20–50 ft | 4" white bracts in April; fruit attracts birds; red fall color |
| Stiff Dogwood | Cornus foemina | F-P | A-W | 10–25 ft | Wetland shrub; white spring flowers, blue fall berries |
| American Smoke Tree | Cotinus obovatus | F-P | D | 20-30 ft | Rare on limestone glades; slow-growing; brilliant fall color |
| Green hawthorn | Crataegus viridis | F-P | A-W | 20-35 ft | Small tree, white spring flowers, red fruit holds into winter |
| Beech | Fagus grandifolia | P | A | 50–80 ft or more | Hard to grow plants under; nuts attract birds/ squirrels |
| White Ash | Fraxinus americana | F-P | A | 75–120 ft | Purple in fall; larval plant for butterflies; seeds for birds |
| Green Ash | Fraxinus pennsylvanica | F | A | 50–75 ft | Adaptable tree; transplants well; green to purple flowers |
| Loblolly Bay | Gordonia lasianthus | F-P | W | 40-60 ft | Evergreen wetland tree; needs constant moisture, acidic soil |
| Two-winged Silverbell | Halesia diptera | F-P | A | 20–30 ft | White to pink, bell-shaped flowers in spring |
| Carolina Silverbell | Halesia tetraptera | F-P | A | 20–60 ft | Similar culture to dogwood; white, bell-shaped flowers |
| Witch Hazel | Hamamelis virginiana | P | A | 15–35 ft | Creamy to bright yellow flowers in fall; golden fall color |
| Possum Haw | Ilex decidua | P | W-D | 15–30 ft | White flwrs in spring; orange berries into winter (female) |
| American Holly | Ilex opaca | F-S | A | 25–60 ft | Red berries into winter; must have both sexes for berries |
| Butternut | Juglans cinerea | F | A | 40-60 ft | Edible nuts; declining from butternut canker disease |
| Black Walnut | Juglans nigra | F | A | 50–70 ft | Green, rounded fruit; edible nuts with rough black shell |
| Ashe Juniper | Juniperus ashei | F-P | D | 15-30 ft | Rocky limestone soils; key warbler habitat; causes cedar fever |
| Sweet Gum | Liquidambar styraciflua | F-P | A | 60–75 ft | Seeds eaten by birds; spiny fruit litters lawns |
| Tulip Tree | Liriodendron tulipifera | F-P | A | 40–100 ft | Cup-shaped, fragrant flowers in spring; attracts birds |
| Osage-orange | Maclura pomifera | F | A-D | 30–50 ft | Thorny; fruit inedible to people; native only to small AR/OK/TX area |
| Cucumber Tree | Magnolia acuminata | F-P | A | 60–75 ft | Small, knobby fruit resembles a cucumber; attracts birds |
| Southern Magnolia | Magnolia grandiflora | F-P | A | 50 ft or more | Should be planted where lowest branches reach ground |
| Bigleaf Magnolia | Magnolia macrophylla | P-F | A-W | 30-40 ft | Largest native leaf & flower; needs shelter from wind, rich moist soil |
| Sweetbay | Magnolia virginiana | P | W | 12–20 ft or more | 2-3" white flwrs all summer; fruit attracts birds |
| Water Tupelo | Nyssa aquatica | F-P | W | 80–100 ft | Swamp tree with buttressed base; source of tupelo honey |
| Black Gum | Nyssa sylvatica | F-P | W-D | 30–60 ft | Yellow, orange, red-purple fall color; honey plant for bees |
| Ironwood | Ostrya virginiana | P-S | A | 30–50 ft | Fruiting clusters; shreddy bark; common understory tree |
| Red Bay | Persea borbonia | P | A | 20–65 ft | Blue fruit in fall; larval plant for swallowtails; birds like fruit |
| Shortleaf Pine | Pinus echinata | F-P | D | 50–100 ft | Dark, blue-green needles; seeds eaten by birds |
| Slash Pine | Pinus elliottii | F | A-W | 60-80 ft | Fast-growing wet-flatwoods pine; tolerates seasonal standing water |
| Loblolly Pine | Pinus taeda | F-P | A | 60 ft or more | 6-10" dark green leaves; most rapid growth of all pines |
| Sycamore | Platanus occidentalis | F-P | W-A | 75–100 ft | Round seeds; white, mottled bark; leaves drop all sum |
| Chickasaw Plum | Prunus angustifolia | F-P | A-D | 6–25 ft | Thorny thicket-forming plum; early white bloom, red-orange fruit |
| Mexican Plum | Prunus mexicana | F-P | A-D | 15-25 ft | Fragrant early white bloom; exfoliating bark; plums feed wildlife |
| White Oak | Quercus alba | F | A-D | 80–100 ft | Avoid planting near paved areas; red to wine fall color |
| Sand Live Oak | Quercus geminata | F | A-D | 20–40 ft | Scrubby evergreen oak for dry sand; scrub-jay habitat plant |
| Darlington Oak | Quercus hemisphaerica | F | D-A | 60-80 ft | Fast, semi-evergreen; sandy soil; avoid spring pruning (oak wilt) |
| Shingle Oak | Quercus imbricaria | F | A-W | 50-65 ft | Willow-like unlobed leaves; tolerates clay/wet soil; avoid spring cuts |
| Bluejack Oak | Quercus incana | F | D | 30-50 ft | Slow-growing sandhill tree for deep, dry sand only |
| Turkey Oak | Quercus laevis | F | D | 20-30 ft | Deep dry sand only; sandhill/scrub specialist, poor in garden soil |
| Laurel Oak | Quercus laurifolia | F-P | W-A | 40–60 ft | Transplants well; shiny leaves; acorns |
| Overcup Oak | Quercus lyrata | F | A-W | 40-60 ft | Bottomland tree; flood-tolerant; acorn cup encloses most of nut |
| Blackjack Oak | Quercus marilandica | F | A-D | 20–50 ft | Tolerates poor, dry, rocky soil; very slow-growing |
| Chinkapin Oak | Quercus muehlenbergii | F-P | A-D | 40-60 ft | Limestone-loving shade tree; sweet low-tannin acorns feed wildlife |
| Water Oak | Quercus nigra | F-P | A-W | 50–80 ft | Fast-growing oak; weak wood, short-lived; heavy acorn producer |
| Oglethorpe Oak | Quercus oglethorpensis | F-P | A-W | 60-80 ft | IUCN Endangered; wet clay only; nursery-propagated stock only |
| Willow Oak | Quercus phellos | F-P | A | 60 ft or more | Yellow fall color; not as messy as some oaks |
| Shumard Oak | Quercus shumardii | F-P | A | 60-100 ft | Fast-growing large shade tree, tolerant of alkaline soil |
| Swamp Post Oak | Quercus similis | F | W-A | 50-80 ft | Bottomland oak for wet, calcareous soils; slow-growing, long-lived |
| Carolina Buckthorn | Rhamnus caroliniana | P-S | A | 12–15 ft | Yellowish fall color; fruit changes from red to black |
| Black Locust | Robinia pseudoacacia | F-P | A-D | 30–50 ft | Fast nitrogen-fixer; suckers freely; toxic parts; Appalachian/Ozark |
| Coastal Plain Willow | Salix caroliniana | F-P | W | 15–30 ft | Fast wet-site tree for streambanks and pond edges; not for dry soil |
| Western Soapberry | Sapindus saponaria var. drummondii | F-P | A-D | 20–50 ft | Deciduous tree; toxic saponin fruit; thrives on caliche, alkaline soil |
| Sassafras | Sassafras albidum | F | W-D | 35–50 ft | Yellow, orange, pink, scarlet fall color; attracts birds |
| Gum Bumelia | Sideroxylon lanuginosum | F-P | A-D | 20-40 ft | Tough, soil-adaptable shade tree; fragrant late-summer bloom; spiny |
| Eve's Necklace | Styphnolobium affine | F-P | A-D | 15–20 ft | Fragrant spring flowers, bead-like pods; seeds toxic; limestone soils |
| Bald Cypress | Taxodium distichum | F-P | W-A | 50–75 ft | Cypress knees produced in or near water; orange fall color |
| Slippery Elm | Ulmus rubra | F-P | A | 40-60 ft | Fast shade tree; mucilaginous inner bark; some Dutch elm disease risk |
Arkansas, Louisiana, Eastern Oklahoma, and Eastern Texas Shrubs
| Common Name | Scientific Name | Sun | Moisture | Height | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Downy Serviceberry | Amelanchier arborea | F-S | A-D | 15–30 ft | Magenta fruit attracts birds; lrgst fruit of any serviceberry |
| False Indigo | Amorpha fruticosa | F | A-D | 6–10 ft | Deep purple flowers with gold stamens attract butterflies |
| Sea Myrtle | Baccharis halimifolia | F | W | 6–12 ft | Female plant covered with shiny white "clouds" in fall |
| Sea Oxeye Daisy | Borrichia frutescens | F | W-A | 1–3 ft | Salt-marsh subshrub; tolerant of tidal flooding and salt spray |
| Americ. Beautyberry | Callicarpa americana | P-S | W-A | to 6 ft | Small white to pink flowers in sumr; purple berries in fall |
| Chinquapin | Castanea pumila | P | A-D | to 30 ft | Spiked flowers; fall color; good food plant for wildlife |
| New Jersey Tea | Ceanothus americanus | F-P | A-D | 24–36 in | Long-lasting flowers; attracts birds, butterflies, hummers |
| Buttonbush | Cephalanthus occidentalis | S-P | W-A | 10–15 ft | Creamy white flowers in sumr; nutlets through winter |
| Swamp Loosestrife | Decodon verticillatus | F-P | W | 3-8 ft | Wetland shrub for pond margins; tolerates standing water |
| Coralbean | Erythrina herbacea | F-P | D-A | 3-10 ft | Scarlet spring flowers before leaves; toxic seeds; thorny stems |
| Burning Bush | Euonymus atropurpureus | P-S | W-A | 20–25 ft | Purple flowers in June; persistent red seeds |
| Swamp Privet | Forestiera acuminata | F-P | W-A | 10-20 ft | Wetland shrub; tolerates standing water; blooms before leaves |
| Swamp Jessamine | Gelsemium rankinii | P-S | W-A | 10-20 ft climbing vine | Toxic wetland vine; unscented flowers, needs wet acidic soil |
| Wild Hydrangea | Hydrangea arborescens | P-S | W-A | 3–6 ft | White lace cap flowers; attracts bees |
| Shrub. St. Johns Wort | Hypericum prolificum | S | W-D | 36 in | Yellow flowers; attracts birds; no appreciable fall color |
| Winterberry | Ilex verticillata | P-S | W-A | 3–10 ft | Bright red berries on female plants into wint; attracts birds |
| Yaupon | Ilex vomitoria | F-S | W-D | 12–25 ft | White flowers; red berries; good screen plant; attracts birds |
| Sweetspire | Itea virginica | P | W-A | 6–8 ft | Red fall foliage; attracts butterflies; seeds eaten by birds |
| Gopher Apple | Licania michauxii | F-P | D | 6-12 in | Spreading groundcover; favorite food of gopher tortoise |
| Spicebush | Lindera benzoin | P | A | 3–12 ft | All parts edible and aromatic; glossy red fruit |
| Maleberry | Lyonia lingustrina | F-P | W-A | 6–12 ft | White flowers in spring; fall color; honey plant |
| Staggerbush | Lyonia mariana | F-P | A-D | 2-6 ft | Needs dry, sandy, acidic soil; avoid clay and lime |
| Turk's Cap | Malvaviscus arboreus var. drummondii | P-S | A | 2–6 ft | Shade-tolerant; red hummingbird flowers; dies back in freeze |
| Sweet Azalea | Rhododendron canescens | F-P | A | 6–15 ft | Red foliage; pink/white flwrs; attracts birds and butterflies |
| Swamp Azalea | Rhododendron viscosum | F-P | W-A | 3–8 ft | Fall color; fragrant, white flwrs in sumr; forms a thicket |
| Shining Sumac | Rhus copallina | F-P | A-D | 7–15 ft | Male + female plants; maroon fall foliage; attracts birds |
| Smooth Sumac | Rhus glabra | F | A-D | 10–15 ft | Brilliant fall color; good in dry arrangement; not poisonous |
| Carolina Rose | Rosa carolina | F-P | A-D | 18–36 in | Single, pink flowers in sumr; red hips in fall attract birds |
| White Prairie Rose | Rosa foliolosa | F-P | A-D | 1-3 ft | Low, nearly thornless suckering rose; dry prairies/limestone hills |
| Dwarf Palmetto | Sabal minor | F-S | W-D | to 6 ft | Subterranean trunk; black fruits on flowering stalks |
| Elderberry | Sambucus canadensis | F-P | W-A | 5–12 ft | Creamy, white flowers; edible fruit; yellow fall foliage |
| Saw Palmetto | Serenoa repens | F-P | A-D | 3-8 ft | Slow-growing evergreen understory palm; sharp saw-toothed petioles |
| Silky camellia | Stewartia malacodendron | P-S | A | 10–15 ft | Waxy white flowers; cinnamon colored bark; slow grower |
| American Silverbells | Styrax americana | F-P | W-A | 6–10 ft | Fragrant white flowers mid-spring; rounded form |
| Poison Sumac | Toxicodendron vernix | F-P | W | 6-30 ft | Severely allergenic wetland shrub; identification only, do not plant |
| Sparkleberry | Vaccinium arboreum | F-P | A-D | 8–15 ft | Tree-like shrub; white flowers; dark berries in fall |
| Rabbiteye Blueberry | Vaccinium virgatum | F-P | A-D | 6-15 ft | Needs acidic soil; plant 2+ for fruit; edible berries, bird favorite |
| Black Haw | Viburnum prunifolium | F-P | A-D | 12–15 ft | Showy fall color; creamy white flowers; blue-black fruit |
| Adam's Needle | Yucca filamentosa | F-P | A-D | 2-3 ft (flower stalk to 8 ft) | Evergreen rosette; curly leaf filaments; tall white flower spike |
Arkansas, Louisiana, Eastern Oklahoma, and Eastern Texas Flowering Perennials
| Common Name | Scientific Name | Sun | Moisture | Height | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sweet Flag | Acorus calamus | F | W | 12–36 in | Grass-like appearance; grows in wet areas |
| White Snakeroot | Ageratina altissima | P-S | A-W | 1-4 ft | Toxic woodland perennial; part shade, moist soil; spreads by rhizome |
| Nodding Wild Onion | Allium cernuum | F-P | A-D | 8–20 in | Dry soil; nodding white-pink summer flowers; deer resistant |
| Drummond's Wild Onion | Allium drummondii | F | A-D | 4–12 in | Spring-ephemeral prairie bulb; dormant by early summer |
| Narrowleaf Bluestar | Amsonia ciliata | F-P | D-A | 1.5-2 ft | Thread-like foliage; blue flowers; gold fall color; deer-proof |
| Arkansas Blue Star | Amsonia hubrichtii | F-P | A | 2-3 ft | Threadlike foliage, blue spring flowers, golden fall color |
| Blue Star | Amsonia tabernaemont. | F-P | A-W (well-drained) | 24–36 in | Light blue flowers; black seeds can be used for propagation |
| Tall Coreopsis | Anacis tripteris (syn. Coreopsis tripteris) | F | D-A (well-drained) | 4–8 ft; to 10 ft | Anise-like fragrance |
| Carolina Anemone | Anemone caroliniana | F | A in spring; D in summer | 6–8 in | Spring flowers with numerous white to purple petal-like sepals; not a sunflower |
| Field Pussytoes | Antennaria neglecta | F-P | D-A | 2–12 in | Drought-tolerant mat-forming groundcover; host plant for American lady |
| Lazy Daisy | Aphanostephus skirrhobasis | F-P | D-A (well-drained) | 6–18 in | Attracts butterflies; xeriscapic |
| Jack-in-the-Pulpit | Arisaema triphyllum | P-S | A-W (humus-rich) | 12–30 in | Red and yellow flowers; perfect for shady gardens |
| Wild Ginger | Asarum canadensis | P-S | A | 6 in | Good shade ground cover; slug pollinated |
| Swamp Milkweed | Asclepias incarnata | F-P | A-W | 3–5 ft | All parts are poisonous |
| Zizotes Milkweed | Asclepias oenotheroides | F | A-D | 6–18 in | Low, sprawling monarch host plant; needs sharp drainage |
| Butterfly Weed | Asclepias tuberosa | F-P | D-A (well-drained) | 12–24 in | Adult nectar and larval food source for Monarch butterflies |
| White False Indigo | Baptisia alba | F-P | A-D | 2–5 ft | Drought-tolerant; parts are poisonous if ingested |
| Yellow Wild Indigo | Baptisia sphaerocarpa | F | A-D | 2–3 ft | Deep-rooted prairie legume; do not transplant once established |
| American Sea Rocket | Cakile edentula | F | D | 6-18 in | Annual beach dune pioneer; salt-tolerant; not native on Pacific coast |
| Bush's Poppy Mallow | Callirhoe bushii | F-P | D | 1-2 ft | Rare Ozark wildflower; sprawling, magenta blooms, needs rocky drainage |
| Poppy Mallow | Callirhoe papaver | F-P | D (well-drained) | 12–24 in | Spreading stems, purple flowers; drained sandy soil; native AR/LA/TX, not OK in current Kew treatment |
| Wild Hyacinth | Camassia scilloides | P-F | A-D | 18 in | Blue, star-shaped flowers in an elongated, loose cluster |
| American Bellflower | Campanulastrum americanum | P-F | A | 2–6 ft | Star-shaped light violet-blue flowers |
| Texas Paintbrush | Castilleja indivisa | F | A-D | 6–16 in | Hemiparasitic annual; orange-red spring bracts; pairs with bluebonnets |
| Rose Turtlehead | Chelone obliqua | F-P | A-W | 2-3 ft | Late-summer hooded pink flowers; bumblebee favorite for moist soil |
| Green and Gold | Chrysogonum virginianum | P | A | 4–10 in | Long-blooming spreading groundcover; part shade; woodland edges |
| Water Hemlock | Cicuta maculata | F-P | W | 3-6 ft | Extremely toxic; wetlands/ditches only, not for gardens |
| Large-flowered Coreopsis | Coreopsis grandiflora | F-P | A-D | 1-2 ft | Short-lived perennial, self-seeds readily; lean sandy soil |
| Whorled Tickseed | Coreopsis major | F-P | D-A | 2–4 ft | Whorled leaves, bright yellow summer blooms, pollinator favorite |
| Threadleaf Coreopsis | Coreopsis verticillata | F-P | A-D | 1-3 ft | Fine thread-like foliage; long summer bloom; spreads by rhizomes |
| American Dittany | Cunila origanoides | F-P | A-D | 8-18 in | Fragrant, late-blooming; needs lean rocky soil, not rich beds |
| Carolina Larkspur | Delphinium carolinianum | F-P | A-D | 1-3 ft | Toxic to livestock & pets; blue flowers; dry, sharp drainage |
| Shooting Star | Dodecatheon meadia | P | A (well-drained) | 12–24 in | Lilac, pink or white petals; stamens form a beak-like cone |
| Purple Coneflower | Echinacea purpurea | F-P | D-A (well-drained) | 3–4 ft | Tolerates dry, droughty soil and hot sun; good cut flowers |
| Glade Coneflower | Echinacea simulata | F | D-A | 2–4 ft | Glade specialist; full sun, rocky soil; never collect wild. |
| Engelmann Daisy | Engelmannia peristenia | F-P | A-D | 1-3 ft | Long-blooming yellow daisy; tough on caliche/clay; deer-resistant |
| Rattlesnake Master | Eryngium yuccifolium | F | D-A (well-drained) | 4–6 ft | Greenish-white flowers in globular, 1' diameter heads |
| White Trout Lily | Erythronium albidum | P-S | A | 4–10 in | Spring ephemeral; slow to establish, never dig from the wild |
| Mist Flower | Eupatorium coelestinum | F-P | A | 18–36 in | Eight weeks of blue flowers; spreads by rhizomes |
| Joe-Pye Weed | Eupatorium fistulosum | F-P | A | 5–8 ft | Rounded, pink flower clusters mid-summer to early fall |
| Indian Blanket | Gaillardia pulchella | F | D | 10-24 in | TX/plains native, red-yellow flowers, poor dry soil, self-seeds |
| Sweet-scented Bedstraw | Galium triflorum | P-S | A | 6-24 in trailing groundcover | Fragrant shade groundcover for rich, consistently moist soil |
| Closed Gentian | Gentiana saponaria | F-P | A-W (well-drained) | 8–24 in | Blue-lilac fall flowers; moist soil; pollinated by bumblebees. |
| Wild Geranium | Geranium maculatum | F-P | A | 14–18 in | 1' purple flowers; slender capsules resemble a crane's bill |
| Indian Physic | Gillenia stipulata | P-S | D-A | 2-3 ft | Airy white flowers; dry shade perennial; root historically emetic |
| Dakota Mock Vervain | Glandularia bipinnatifida | F-P | D-A | 6–12 in | Great Plains native; long-blooming; pink-purple mat |
| Rose Vervain | Glandularia canadensis (syn. Verbena canadensis) | F | D-A (well-drained) | 8–18 in | Very attractive to butterflies; clumps of purple flowers |
| Beach Sunflower | Helianthus debilis | F | A-D | 6 in–2 ft | Trailing coastal groundcover; salt and drought tolerant |
| Woodland Sunflower | Helianthus divaricatus | F-P | A-D | 2½–6 ft | Rhizomatous colonizer for dry shade; yellow blooms July–Sept |
| Western Sunflower | Helianthus occidentalis | F-P | A-D | 2–4 ft | Naked flower stalk above basal rosette; dry sun, not aggressive |
| Narrow-leaf Sunfl. | Helianthus simulans | F | W | 3–8 ft | Attracts birds and butterflies |
| Ox-eye Sunflower | Heliopsis helianthoides | F | A | 3–6 ft | Resembles sunflower on a shorter plant |
| Alumroot | Heuchera americana | P-S | A (well-drained) | 12–36 in in flower | Root has astringent qualities |
| Hairy Alumroot | Heuchera villosa | P-S | A-D | 8-12 in (to 3 ft bloom) | Rock-dwelling native parent of 'Bronze Wave' & other cultivars |
| Spider Lily | Hymenocallis occidentalis | F-P | A-W | 18–30 in | Native bulb; fragrant white flowers with a central staminal cup. |
| Standing Cypress | Ipomopsis rubra | F-P | D-A (well-drained) | 2–6 ft | Red, tubular flowers; leaves with bristle-tipped segments |
| Zigzag Iris | Iris brevicaulis | F-P | A-W | 8-20 in | Shade-tolerant wild iris; violet-blue blooms; rhizomes toxic |
| Giant Blue Iris | Iris giganticaerulea | F-P | W | 3-5 ft | Large-flowered wetland iris for bogs, pond edges; rhizomes toxic |
| Abbeville Red Iris | Iris nelsonii | F-P | W-A | 2.5-3.5 ft | Extremely rare LA endemic swamp iris; red blooms; never collect wild |
| Dwarf Violet Iris | Iris verna | P | D-A | 4-6 in | Tiny fragrant woodland iris; needs sandy, dry, well-drained soil |
| Seashore Mallow | Kosteletzkya pentacarpos | F-P | W | 3–6 ft | Salt-tolerant marsh native; pink blooms July–Oct |
| Wood Nettle | Laportea canadensis | P-S | A-W | 1-5 ft | Stinging hairs; moist shade; red admiral butterfly host |
| Ouachita Blazing Star | Liatris compacta | F-P | D | 1-2 ft | Rare AR/OK endemic; rocky glades; never wild-collect |
| Cusp Blazing Star | Liatris mucronata | F | A-D | 1–3 ft | Rocky-soil fall bloomer on a deep corm; key late nectar for monarchs |
| Marsh Blazing Star | Liatris spicata | F | A | 3–6 ft | Unusual in flowering from top to bottom of spike |
| Blazing Star | Liatris squarrosa | F | D (well-drained) | 12–36 in | 10–30 in.; purple heads on usually unbranched stems; dry soil. |
| Cardinal Flower | Lobelia cardinalis | F-P | A-W; do not let dry out | 4–5 ft | Cardinal red flowers in late summer |
| Great Blue Lobelia | Lobelia siphilitica | F-P | A-W | 1½–4 ft | Elongated cluster of pale to dark blue flowers on stalk |
| Texas Bluebonnet | Lupinus texensis | F | D | 6–18 in | Annual; toxic seeds; self-seeds on lean, sunny ground |
| Lanceleaf Loosestrife | Lysimachia lanceolata | P-F | A-W | 1-2 ft | Nodding yellow blooms on prairie perennial; needs consistent moisture |
| Starry False Lily | Maianthemum stellatum | P-S | A-D | 8-18 in | Rhizomatous woodland groundcover; starry flowers; berries inedible |
| False Aloe | Manfreda virginica (syn. Agave virginica) | F-P | D (well-drained) | 3–6 ft in flower | Inch-long flowers in a loose spike |
| American Wild Mint | Mentha arvensis | F-P | W-A | 6in-2ft | Native wetland mint; spreads by rhizome; flowers at leaf joints |
| Winged Monkeyflower | Mimulus alatus | P-S | W-A | 1-3 ft | Wet-soil wildflower; violet blooms July-Sept; shade to part shade |
| White Four O'Clock | Mirabilis albida | F-P | D | 1-2.5 ft | Prairie taproot perennial, evening pink blooms; very drought tolerant |
| Partridge Berry | Mitchella repens | P-S | A | 1–3 in | White to pinkish flowers; red double berries; rich soil |
| Lemon Beebalm | Monarda citriodora | F-P | A-D | 1-2.5 ft | Aromatic annual wildflower; reseeds freely; magnet for native bees |
| Wild Bergamot | Monarda fistulosa | F-P | D-A (well-drained) | 2–4 ft | Fragrant; dried leaves make herbal tea |
| Spotted Beebalm | Monarda punctata | F | D | 1-3 ft | Thyme-scented; purple-spotted flowers draw wasps and bees |
| Indian Pipe | Monotropa uniflora | S | A-W | 3-10 in | Non-photosynthetic; parasitizes fungi; never dig or transplant |
| Sundrops | Oenothera fruticosa | F-P | D-A (well-drained) | 16–18 in | Red stems compliment yellow flowers Native AR/LA/OK in Kew; Texas not listed—verify locally. |
| Lindheimer's Beeblossom | Oenothera lindheimeri | F-P | A-D | 2-4 ft | Months-long white-to-pink bloom; airy taprooted TX/LA prairie native |
| Scarlet Beeblossom | Oenothera suffrutescens | F | D | 1–3 ft | Full sun, dry soil; moths pollinate; spreads by rhizomes |
| Eastern Prickly-pear | Opuntia humifusa | F | D | 4–12 in (spreads 2–6 ft) | Native cactus, yellow flowers, sharp glochids, sandy/rocky soil |
| Yellow wood sorrel | Oxalis stricta | F-S | W-A | 4-12 in | Weedy native groundcover; oxalate leaves, not for eating |
| Golden Ragwort | Packera aurea (syn. Senecio aureus) | Cluster of daisy-like yellow flower heads Native AR/OK in Kew; LA/TX status needs local verification. Moist soil; not edible. | A-W; do not let dry out | 6–30 in | Moist soil; not edible. Native AR/OK per Kew; verify LA/TX locally. |
| Small Palafox | Palafoxia callosa | F | A-D | 1-2 ft | Annual wildflower; pink fading white blooms Aug-Oct; rocky soil |
| Texas Palafoxia | Palafoxia texana | F | A | 1.5–2.5 ft | Pink pom-pom bloomer for sandy soil; self-sows, great for pollinators |
| American Ginseng | Panax quinquefolius | P-S | A | 8-24 in | Shade woodland herb; wild roots scarce/protected, buy nursery stock |
| Wild Quinine | Parthenium integrifolium | F-P | A-D | 2-4 ft | Long-blooming white prairie forb; handle foliage with gloves |
| Fameflower | Phemeranthus calycinus | F | D | 4-10 in | Rock-garden succulent; afternoon magenta blooms; needs sharp drainage |
| Sand Phlox | Phlox bifida | F-P | A-D | 4–12 in | Mat-forming; deeply notched lavender flowers; needs sharp drainage |
| Carolina Phlox | Phlox carolina | F-P | A | 3–4 ft | Earlier flowering, with thicker leaves than common phlox |
| Blue Phlox | Phlox divaricata | P-S | A | 6–12 in | Semi-evergreen foliage |
| Trailing Phlox | Phlox nivalis | F-P | D | 4-8 in | Mat-forming sandhill groundcover; needs sharp drainage |
| Texas Frogfruit | Phyla nodiflora | F-P | W-D | 2-6 in, spreading 3+ ft | Mat-forming lawn alternative; butterfly host; tolerates mowing |
| Obedient Plant | Physostegia virginiana | F-P | A (moist, well-drained) | 3–4 ft | Flowers can be twisted in any direction and stay there |
| Pokeweed | Phytolacca americana | F-P | A | 4-10 ft | Poisonous perennial; exceptional fall bird food; self-sows |
| May Apple | Podophyllum peltatum | P-S | A | 12–18 in | Solitary flower at fork of 2 leaf stalks; small edible fruit |
| Solomon's Seal | Polygonatum biflorum | P-S | A-W | 3–6 ft | Beautiful, arching stem with perfectly oriented leaves |
| Common Cinquefoil | Potentilla simplex | F-P | A-D | 4-10 in | Mat-forming groundcover; tolerates mowing, poor soil; deer resistant |
| Rabbit Tobacco | Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium | F-P | A-D | 1-3 ft | Annual/biennial; dry poor soils; cream everlasting flowers fall |
| Gray-headed Coneflower | Ratibida pinnata | F-P | A-D | 3-5 ft | Long-blooming prairie perennial with drooping yellow rays, anise scent |
| Meadow Beauty | Rhexia virginica | F-P | A-W | 8–39 in | Bright, purple-pink flowers open in a.m., drop petals |
| Clasping Leaf Conefl. | Rudbeckia amplexicaulis (syn. Dracopis amplexicaulis) | F-P | D-A (well-drained) | 18–24 in | Native annual, not perennial; clasping leaves; yellow flowers. |
| Black-eyed Susan | Rudbeckia fulgida | F-P | A | 24–36 in | A popular, tough and beautiful perennial |
| Cut-leaf Coneflower | Rudbeckia laciniata | F-P | A (moist, well-drained) | 3–10 ft | 6-10 droopy yellow petals around green center |
| Giant Coneflower | Rudbeckia maxima | F-P | A-W | 5-9 ft | Towering yellow coneflower for moist low prairie; not drought tolerant |
| Sweet Black-eyed Susan | Rudbeckia subtomentosa | F-P | A-W | 3-6 ft | Fragrant foliage, long bloom; prefers consistently moist soil |
| Wild Petunia | Ruellia humilis | F-P | D-A | 6-18 in | Low bushy prairie/glade native; drought-tolerant, butterfly host plant |
| Scarlet Sage | Salvia coccinea | F-P | A-D | 1.5-3 ft | Red hummingbird flowers nearly year-round; self-sows; TX native |
| Lyreleaf Sage | Salvia lyrata | F-P | A-D | 0.5-2 ft | Flat lobed rosette; lavender spikes; tolerates mowing, self-seeds |
| Bloodroot | Sanguinaria canadensis | P-S | A | 6–12 in | Bright orange-red sap in thick rootstock |
| Royal Catchfly | Silene regia | F | A | 2-5 ft | Scarlet prairie flower; hummingbird magnet; rare, use nursery stock |
| Fire Pink | Silene virginica | F-P | D-A (well-drained) | 6–24 in | 1' brilliant red star-shaped flowers |
| Prairie Dock | Silphium terebinthinaceum | F | A | 4-10 ft | Giant basal leaves; bare flower stalk; deep taproot, drought-tough |
| Tall Goldenrod | Solidago altissima | F-P | A-D | 3–7 ft | Spreads by rhizome; vital late-season pollinator nectar source |
| Wreath Goldenrod | Solidago caesia | P-S | A | 24–36 in | Clusters of yellow flowers from axils of leaves |
| Sweet Goldenrod | Solidago odora | F-P | D-A (well-drained) | 12–24 in | Has an anise-like odor when crushed |
| Rough-leaved Golden. | Solidago rugosa | F-P | A-W | 2–5 ft | Radiating flower form looks like fireworks |
| Indian Pink | Spigelia marilandica | P-S | A | 12–24 in | Clusters of 2 to 12 vivid red tubular flowers |
| Aromatic Aster | Symphyotrichum oblongifolium | F | D-A | 1-2.5 ft | Dry/rocky sites; cultivar 'October Skies' widely sold |
| Frost Aster | Symphyotrichum pilosum (syn. Aster pilosus) | F | D-A-W | 2–4 ft | White autumn flowers; native AR/OK, not LA/TX in current Kew treatment; can spread vigorously |
| Four-nerve Daisy | Tetraneuris scaposa | F | A-D | 4–10 in | Evergreen; long spring–fall bloom; needs rocky, sharp drainage |
| Greenthread | Thelesperma filifolium | F | A-D | 1-2.5 ft | Fast-reseeding gold prairie annual; thrives on poor rocky soil |
| Bracted Spiderwort | Tradescantia bracteata | F-P | A-D | 10–18 in | Blue 3-petal flowers close by midday; blooms June-July |
| Virginia Spiderwort | Tradescantia virginiana | F-P | A-W | 1-2 ft | Grass-like clumps; purple flowers close by afternoon |
| American Stinging Nettle | Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis | P-S | A-W | 3–7 ft | Stings on contact, wear gloves; native butterfly host plant |
| Wingstem | Verbesina alternifolia | F-P | A-W | 3-8 ft | Spreads by rhizome in moist soil; late-summer yellow blooms |
| Western Ironweed | Vernonia baldwinii | F-P | A-D | 2–5 ft | Magenta prairie bloomer, avoided by livestock; great for monarchs |
| Culver's Root | Veronicastrum virginicum | F-P | A | 2–6 ft | Spire-like white flower stalks above deep green leaves |
| Common Blue Violet | Viola papilionacea | This is the violet often found growing wild by roads/in fields Growing values follow the traditional common-blue-violet concept; the legacy name needs modern taxonomic confirmation before a species-page link is added. | A | 6–8 in | Values use the common-blue-violet concept; confirm modern identity before linking. |
| Birdsfoot Violet | Viola pedata | F-P | D-A (sharp drainage) | 4–8 in | Five petals, lavender to purple, occasionally white |
| Walter's Violet | Viola walteri | P-S | A-W | 2–4 in | Trailing groundcover for shaded, lime-rich woodland soil |
Arkansas, Louisiana, Eastern Oklahoma, and Eastern Texas Flowering Perennial Ferns
| Common Name | Scientific Name | Sun | Moisture | Height | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Southern Maidenhair | Adiantum capillus-veneris | P-S | A (consistently moist, not saturated) | 10–24 in | Bright green fronds; spreads by rhizomes |
| Ebony Spleenwort | Asplenium platyneuron | P-S | A | 6–12 in | Sterile fronds are arching to flat; fertile fronds are upright |
| Woolly Lip Fern | Cheilanthes tomentosa | F-P | D | 6-15 in | Rock-crevice fern; curls in drought, regreens with rain; no rich soil |
| Scouring Rush | Equisetum hyemale | F-P | W-A | 2-5 ft | Evergreen, jointed stems; spreads by rhizome; toxic to livestock |
| Sensistive Fern | Onoclea sensibilis | F-P | A-W | 12–24 in | Easy to grow; turns yellow or russet in fall |
| Cinnamon Fern | Osmunda cinnamomea | P-S | A-W | 2–6 ft | Circular cluster of fronds; cinnamon-colored fertile fronds |
| Royal Fern | Osmunda regalis | Easy to grow; fronds are pale pink in early spring Cultivation values refer to American royal fern (Osmunda spectabilis), historically O. regalis var. spectabilis. | A-W | 2–5 ft | Care values apply to American O. spectabilis (formerly O. regalis var. spectabilis). |
| Purple Cliffbrake | Pellaea atropurpurea | F-P | D | 4-12 in | Evergreen rock fern; needs limestone crevices, not garden soil |
| Broad Beech Fern | Phegopteris hexagonoptera | P-S | A-W | 8-20 in | Deciduous colonial fern, winged rachis; spreads by rhizome in shade |
| Resurrection Fern | Pleopeltis michauxiana | P-S | D | 2-10 in fronds | Epiphytic fern on bark; shrivels when dry, greens up after rain |
| Christmas Fern | Polystichum acrostichoides | P-S | A | 12–36 in | Easy to grow; tufted clump of stiff, deep green fronds |
| Southern Shield Fern | Thelypteris kunthii | P-S | A-W | 2-4 ft | Spreading evergreen-to-semi-evergreen fern for shade groundcover |
| Marsh Fern | Thelypteris palustris | F-P | W | 1-2.5 ft | Spreads by rhizome; wetland fern, tolerates more sun than most ferns |
| Virginia Chain Fern | Woodwardia virginica | F-P-S | A-W | 2–4 ft | Lustrous, dark green, leathery fronds in a close mass |
Arkansas, Louisiana, Eastern Oklahoma, and Eastern Texas Vines
| Common Name | Scientific Name | Sun | Moisture | Height | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Heartleaf Peppervine | Ampelopsis cordata | F-P | A-W | 15-25 ft (climbing vine) | Fast-growing vine; multicolored berries not edible for people |
| American Groundnut (Potato Bean) | Apios americana | F-P | W-A | 6-10 ft (vine) | Twining vine, fragrant maroon flowers, edible tubers; moist soil |
| Cross Vine | Bignonia capreolata | F-P | A (well-drained) | 30–50 ft climbing | Climbs by branched tendrils; orange-red trumpet-shaped flowers |
| Spurred Butterfly Pea | Centrosema virginianum | F-P | A-D | trailing to 3-6 ft | Twining native vine; lavender pea flowers; sunny, sandy, dry soil |
| Leatherflower | Clematis crispa | F-P | A-W | 6–10 ft climbing | Blue, pink, lavender or white; dies to ground each year |
| Purple Leatherflower | Clematis pitcheri | F-P | A | 3–13 ft vine | Nodding purple urn flowers May–Aug; feathery starburst seed heads |
| Vasevine | Clematis viorna | F-P | A | 3-10 ft | Well-mannered native vine for fences; part shade at roots |
| Virgin's Bower | Clematis virginiana | F-P-S | A (moist, well-drained) | 15–20 ft climbing | White flowers in late summer to early fall |
| Atlantic Pigeonwings | Clitoria mariana | F-P | D | 1–2 ft | Twining vine; dry sandy/rocky soil; showy upright lavender flowers |
| Carolina snailseed | Cocculus carolinus | F-P | A-D | 10-15 ft (vine) | Twining vine; female plants show bright red fall berries |
| Buffalo Gourd | Cucurbita foetidissima | F | A-D | 6-12 in tall, 10-20 ft trailing spread | Sprawling vine, huge taproot; fruit bitter, not edible |
| Woodvamp | Decumaria barbara | P-S | W-A | 20-40 ft (climbing) | Clinging vine for shaded, moist sites; fragrant white summer flowers |
| Wild Yam | Dioscorea villosa | P | A-W | 10-20 ft (twining vine) | Twining woodland-edge vine; heart-shaped leaves, winged seed capsules |
| Climbing False Buckwheat | Fallopia scandens | F-P | A-W | 10-20 ft (vine) | Fast twining native vine; fall/winter bird seed; give it room |
| Yellow Jessamine | Gelsemium sempervirens | F-P | A (well-drained) | 10–20 ft climbing | All parts toxic; native AR/LA/eastern TX, not OK in Kew range; winter bronzing |
| Hops | Humulus lupulus | F-P | A-W | 15-25 ft (vine) | Twining perennial vine; toxic to dogs; female plants produce hop cones |
| Wild Potato Vine | Ipomoea pandurata | F-P | D-A | 10-16 ft (trailing vine) | Deep taproot, showy white/pink flowers; root not edible raw |
| Beach Morning Glory | Ipomoea pes-caprae | F | A-D | 4-8 in (trailing 30+ ft) | Fast-spreading dune vine; binds sand; seeds toxic |
| Yellow Honeysuckle | Lonicera flava | F-P | A-D | 10-20 ft vine | Non-invasive native vine; fragrant orange blooms; berries for birds |
| Coral Honeysuckle | Lonicera sempervirens | F-P | A | 15–25 ft | Trumpet-shaped flowers mid-spring to fall attract hummers |
| Moonseed | Menispermum canadense | P-F | A-W | Climbs 15-20 ft | Twining native vine; poisonous fruit resembles wild grapes |
| Climbing Hempvine | Mikania scandens | F-P | W | 6–12 ft | Twining wetland vine; frothy white blooms; host for little metalmark |
| Littleleaf Sensitive-briar | Mimosa microphylla | F | D-A | trailing, 3-6 ft spread | Trailing legume; touch-sensitive leaves; pink pom-pom flowers |
| Virginia Creeper | Parthenociss. quinquefolia | F-P-S | A (well-drained) | 30–50 ft climbing | Excellent red fall color; attracts birds |
| Thicket Creeper | Parthenocissus vitacea | F-P | A-D | 20-35 ft climbing vine | Fast vine; toxic berries; often confused with Virginia Creeper |
| Passionflower | Passiflora incarnata | F-P | A (well-drained) | 6–8 ft climbing | Lavender flowers; edible fruit; attracts butterflies |
| Northern Dewberry | Rubus flagellaris | F-P | D-A | 6-12 in (trails 3-8 ft) | Trailing bramble, roots at tips; prickly stems; spreads readily |
| Laurel Greenbrier | Smilax laurifolia | F-P | W | 20–40+ ft (vine) | Evergreen wetland vine forms dense thorny thickets |
| Roundleaf Greenbrier | Smilax rotundifolia | F-S | A-D | 10–20+ ft (vine) | Thorny climbing vine; dense wildlife cover, winter berries |
| Mustang Grape | Vitis mustangensis | F-P | A-D | 20–30+ ft (vine) | Aggressive climber; white-felted leaves; tart fall grapes |
| Riverbank Grape | Vitis riparia | F-P | W-A | 20-50 ft (climbing vine) | Vigorous riverbank vine; cold-hardy parent of hybrid wine grapes |
| Muscadine | Vitis rotundifolia | F-P | A | Climbing vine, 60-100 ft | Vigorous native grape; edible fruit; needs sturdy support |
| Kentucky Wisteria | Wisteria macrostachya | F-P | A-W | 15–30 ft (vine) | Non-invasive native vine; needs sturdy support; seeds/pods toxic |
Arkansas, Louisiana, Eastern Oklahoma, and Eastern Texas Grasses & Grass-like
| Common Name | Scientific Name | Sun | Moisture | Height | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Splitbeard Bluestem | Anatherum ternarium (syn. Andropogon ternarius) | F-P | D-A (well-drained) | 2–4 ft | Great cut flowers |
| Big Bluestem | Andropogon gerardi | F-P | D-A | 4–8 ft | Long-lived; slow to establish; self-seeds; orange in fall |
| Broom Sedge | Andropogon virginicus | F-P | D-W | 4 ft | A pioneer soil-stabilizing plant |
| Texas Grama | Bouteloua rigidiseta | F-P | D | 8-12 in | Fine low bunchgrass for rocky, alkaline soils; tolerates grazing |
| Eastern narrowleaf sedge | Carex amphibola | P-S | A-W | 8–20 in | Clump-forming woodland sedge for dry to medium shade |
| Cherokee Sedge | Carex cherokeensis | P-S | A-W | 12-20 in | Arching evergreen shade sedge; substitute for liriope/mondo grass |
| Gray's sedge | Carex grayi | P-S | A-W | 18–36 in | Spiky mace-like seed heads; great for rain gardens, wet shade |
| Creeping Sedge | Carex laxiculmis | P-S | A-D | 0.3–1.5 ft | Evergreen dry-shade sedge; slow clumping groundcover, deer resistant |
| Palm Sedge | Carex muskingumensis | P-S | A-W | 1.5-3 ft | Whorled palm-like leaves; shade groundcover for wet/rain gardens |
| Eastern star sedge | Carex radiata | P-S | A-W | 8–18 in | Fine-leaved woodland sedge; shade; good dry-shade groundcover |
| Awl-fruited Sedge | Carex stipata | F | W | 24–36 in | R elatively large green-to-black, spike-like inflorescence |
| Texas Sedge | Carex texensis | P-S | A-D | 4–12 in | Fine-textured native lawn alternative for dry to moist shade |
| Fox sedge | Carex vulpinoidea | F-P | A-W | 1–3 ft | Sunny wet meadow sedge; bristly brown spikes; rain gardens, pond edges |
| Inland Sea Oats | Chasmanthium latifolium | F-S | A | 4 ft | Golden in fall; reseeds in moist gardens |
| Purple Lovegrass | Eragrostis spectabilis | F | A | 18–24 in | Inflorescence in late summer appears as red-purple clouds |
| Soft Rush | Juncus effusus | F-P | A-W | 36 in | Provides food and nesting to birds and other wildlife |
| Rice Cut Grass | Leersia oryzoides | F-P | A-W | 5 ft | Creeping perennial with flat, yellow-green leaves |
| Gulf Muhly | Muhlenbergia capillaris | F | D-A (well-drained) | 2–4 ft | Dark green, glossy leaves; dark purple inflorescence |
| Texas Wintergrass | Nassella leucotricha | F-P | A-D | 12-24 in | Cool-season bunchgrass, green in winter; sharp twisted seed awns |
| Hall's Panicgrass | Panicum hallii | F | A-D | 1-2 ft | Small bunchgrass; blades curl like ribbons when dry; long bloom |
| Switchgrass | Panicum virgatum | F-P | A-W; tolerates dry soil | 3–7 ft | Dark gold fall color; inflorescence holds into winter |
| Blowout Grass | Redfieldia flexuosa | F | D | 1.5-3 ft | Rhizomatous dune-stabilizer; needs loose sand, full sun |
| Starrush Whitetop | Rhynchospora colorata | F-P | W-A | 8-20 in | Wetland sedge with star-shaped white bracts; rain gardens, pond edges |
| Tumblegrass | Schedonnardus paniculatus | F | A-D | 6-20 in | Tough Plains/SW grass for restoration on disturbed soils |
| Little Bluestem | Schizachyrium scoparium | F | D-A (well-drained) | 2–4 ft | Self-seeds; variable form and color |
| Chairmaker's Bulrush | Schoenoplectus americanus | F-P | W | 1-4 ft | Leafless triangular-stemmed sedge; fresh/brackish marshes, pond edges |
| Woolgrass | Scirpus cyperinus | F-P | W | 3–6 ft | Long, shaggy brown inflorescence |
| Indian Grass | Sorghastrum nutans | F | D-A (well-drained) | 5–7 ft | Warm season grass; attractive most of winter; self-seeds |
| Smooth Cordgrass | Spartina alterniflora | F | W | 1–7 ft | Native Atlantic/Gulf marsh grass; invasive on Pacific Coast |
| Gulf Cordgrass | Spartina spartinae | F | A-W | 2-5 ft | Salt-tolerant tussock grass for coastal flats; sharp leaf edges |
| Slim Tridens | Tridens muticus | F | A-D | 1-2.5 ft | Wiry rocky-soil bunchgrass; reddish narrow panicle, awnless |
| Eastern Gamagrass | Tripsacum dactyloides | F-P | A-W | 5 ft | Easy to grow; evergreen in frost-free areas |
| Cattail | Typha latifolia | F | W (wet soil or shallow water) | 5–10 ft | Long green leaves; hotdog-shaped brown flower |
| Sea Oats | Uniola paniculata | F | D | 3–6 ft | Dune-builder; protected, do not pick from wild beaches |
| Sun Exposure | Soil Moisture | Drought Tolerance |
|---|---|---|
| F = Full Sun | W = Wet | E = Excellent |
| P = Part Sun | A = Average | G = Good |
| S = Shade | D = Dry | M = Moderate |
| P = Poor |
