|
Prairie Sand Verbena |
Abronia fragrans |
F |
D |
8–40 in |
Fragrant evening white blooms; deep taproot, sandy soil |
|
Red Baneberry |
Actea rubra |
P-S |
A |
12–24 in |
.5" puffy white flowers become red poisonous berries |
|
Lavender Hyssop / Anise Hyssop |
Agastache foeniculum |
F-P |
D-A |
2-4 ft |
Fragrant, long-blooming prairie native; superb bee and butterfly plant |
|
White Snakeroot |
Ageratina altissima |
P-S |
A-W |
1-4 ft |
Toxic woodland perennial; part shade, moist soil; spreads by rhizome |
|
Trailing Four O'Clock |
Allionia incarnata |
F |
D |
3-6 in (spreads 1-3 ft) |
Prostrate desert mat, magenta flowers open mornings; drought tough |
|
Wild Garlic |
Allium canadense |
F |
A |
8–18 in |
Upright and topped with white or pink flowers |
|
Nodding Wild Onion |
Allium cernuum |
F-P |
A-D |
8–20 in |
Dry soil; nodding white-pink summer flowers; deer resistant |
|
Drummond's Wild Onion |
Allium drummondii |
F |
A-D |
4–12 in |
Spring-ephemeral prairie bulb; dormant by early summer |
|
Prairie Onion |
Allium stellatum |
F-P |
A |
12–24 in |
Single cluster of lavender flowers on a single stalk |
|
Canada Anemone |
Anemone canadensis |
F-P |
A |
12–24 in |
Green foliage with white flowers late spring-early summer |
|
Field Pussytoes |
Antennaria neglecta |
F-P |
D-A |
2–12 in |
Drought-tolerant mat-forming groundcover; host plant for American lady |
|
Mountain Death Camas |
Anticlea elegans |
F-P |
A-D |
1-2.5 ft |
HIGHLY TOXIC bulb/foliage; do not confuse with edible Camassia |
|
Columbine |
Aquilegia canadensis |
P-S |
A-D |
12–24 in |
Unique red, white flowers attract hummingbirds in spring |
|
Jack-in-the-Pulpit |
Arisaema triphyllum |
P |
A |
12–24 in |
Spathe appears Mar-May; red berries late summer and fall |
|
Swamp Milkweed |
Asclepias incarnata |
F-P |
W-A |
2–4 ft |
Pink to white flowers in the spring |
|
Showy Milkweed |
Asclepias speciosa |
F-P |
A-D |
2-4 ft |
Monarch host plant; toxic sap; spreads by rhizome |
|
Butterfly Weed |
Asclepias tuberosa |
F |
A-D |
12–24 in |
Brilliant orange flowers atttract butterflies June-August |
|
Whorled Milkweed |
Asclepias verticillata |
F |
A-D |
12–36 in |
Fine textured foliage; white flower clusters; deer resistant |
|
Heath Aster |
Aster ericoides |
F |
A-D |
12–36 in |
Profusion of tiny white flowers in fall |
|
New England Aster |
Aster novi-angliae |
F-P |
W-A |
6 ft |
Lavender flowers with yellow centers late summer into fall |
|
Silky Aster |
Aster sericeus |
F-P |
A-D |
12–24 in |
Distinct curved pale pinkish-purple flowers, pointed petals |
|
White False Indigo |
Baptisia alba |
F-P |
A-D |
2–5 ft |
Spikes of creamy white flowers above sea-green foliage |
|
Cream False Indigo |
Baptisia leucophaea |
F-P |
A-D |
12–36 in |
Cone-shaped cream colored flowers |
|
Bush's Poppy Mallow |
Callirhoe bushii |
F-P |
D |
1-2 ft |
Rare Ozark wildflower; sprawling, magenta blooms, needs rocky drainage |
|
Purple Poppy Mallow |
Callirhoe involucrata |
F |
A-D |
6–12 in |
Striking! Deep magenta flowers cover plant thru summer |
|
Sego lily |
Calochortus nuttallii |
F |
D |
6–18 in |
Utah's state flower; bulb goes dormant through dry summers |
|
American Bellflower |
Campanulastrum americanum |
P-F |
A |
2–6 ft |
Spikes of 1" blue flowers on upright branching stems |
|
Downy Paintbrush |
Castilleja sessiliflora |
F |
D |
4–16 in |
Pale pink/cream bracts; hemiparasitic, needs a host grass/shrub nearby |
|
Partridge Pea |
Chamaecrista fasciculata |
F-P |
A-D |
12–36 in |
1-1.5" flowers with 5 bright yellow petals bloom sum-fall |
|
Water Hemlock |
Cicuta maculata |
F-P |
W |
3-6 ft |
Extremely toxic; wetlands/ditches only, not for gardens |
|
Atlantic Pigeonwings |
Clitoria mariana |
F-P |
D |
1–2 ft |
Twining vine; dry sandy/rocky soil; showy upright lavender flowers |
|
Large-flowered Coreopsis |
Coreopsis grandiflora |
F-P |
A-D |
1-2 ft |
Short-lived perennial, self-seeds readily; lean sandy soil |
|
Carolina Larkspur |
Delphinium carolinianum |
F-P |
A-D |
1-3 ft |
Toxic to livestock & pets; blue flowers; dry, sharp drainage |
|
Prairie Larkspur |
Delphinium virescens |
F |
A-D |
1–4 ft |
Interesting white flowers June-July |
|
Tick-trefoil |
Desmodium canadense |
F-P |
A |
2–6 ft |
Branches covered with pink-purple pea-like flowers (sum) |
|
Hoary Tansyaster |
Dieteria canescens |
F |
D |
0.5-2 ft |
Bushy gray-hairy wildflower; purple fall rays, very drought tolerant |
|
Shooting Star |
Dodecatheon meadia |
S-P |
A |
6–20 in |
White-pink petals shoot back from red and yellow center |
|
N.L. Purp. Coneflower |
Echinacea angustifolia |
F |
A-D |
18–36 in |
Purple flowers with brown centers attract butterflies |
|
Engelmann Daisy |
Engelmannia peristenia |
F-P |
A-D |
1-3 ft |
Long-blooming yellow daisy; tough on caliche/clay; deer-resistant |
|
Rattlesnake Master |
Eryngium yuccifolium |
F |
A |
4–6 ft |
Yucca-like foliage; flowers in spherical thistle-like heads |
|
White Trout Lily |
Erythronium albidum |
P-S |
A |
4–10 in |
Spring ephemeral; slow to establish, never dig from the wild |
|
Boneset |
Eupatorium perfoliatum |
F-S |
W-A |
3–6 ft |
Flat-top clusters of small white flowers in the fall |
|
Flowering Spurge |
Euphorbia corollata |
F |
A |
12–36 in |
Small white flowers with green, yellow centers (Jun-Sept) |
|
Sweet Joe-Pye Weed |
Eutrochium purpureum (syn. Eupatorium purpureum) |
F-P |
A |
5–7 ft |
Large pink flowers attract butterflies in dorves (Aug-Sept) |
|
Wild Strawberry |
Fragaria virginiana |
F-P |
A-D |
3–6 in |
Spring flowers become tasty fruit in early summer |
|
Blanket Flower |
Gaillardia aristata |
F |
A-D |
2–4 ft |
3-4" flowers are red with yellow accents at petal edges |
|
Red Dome Blanketflower |
Gaillardia pinnatifida |
F |
D |
8-22 in |
Long-blooming SW native; thin rocky/gypsum soils; low water |
|
Indian Blanket |
Gaillardia pulchella |
F |
D |
10-24 in |
TX/plains native, red-yellow flowers, poor dry soil, self-seeds |
|
Sweet-scented Bedstraw |
Galium triflorum |
P-S |
A |
6-24 in trailing groundcover |
Fragrant shade groundcover for rich, consistently moist soil |
|
Wild Geranium |
Geranium maculatum |
S-P |
A |
12–36 in |
1" lavender-purple flowers in spring and summer |
|
Indian Physic |
Gillenia stipulata |
P-S |
D-A |
2-3 ft |
Airy white flowers; dry shade perennial; root historically emetic |
|
Dakota Mock Vervain |
Glandularia bipinnatifida |
F-P |
D-A |
6–12 in |
Great Plains native; long-blooming; pink-purple mat |
|
Common Sneezeweed |
Helenium autumnale |
F |
W-A |
2–5 ft |
Daisy-like flowers with red, yellow petals in late summer |
|
Western Sunflower |
Helianthus occidentalis |
F-P |
A-D |
2–4 ft |
Naked flower stalk above basal rosette; dry sun, not aggressive |
|
Ox-eye Sunflower |
Heliopsis helianthoides |
F |
A |
3–4 ft |
Clump forming; gold flowers (sum); birds, butterflies like |
|
Cow parsnip |
Heracleum maximum |
F-P |
A-W |
4-8 ft |
Striking wildflower; sap is phototoxic, causes skin burns in sun |
|
hairy golden aster |
Heterotheca villosa |
F |
D |
6 in–2 ft |
Long-blooming yellow native; very drought tolerant |
|
Virginia Waterleaf |
Hydrophyllum virginianum |
S-P |
A |
12 in |
White or dark violet blooms May-August |
|
Great St. John's Wort |
Hypericum pyramidatum |
P-S |
A |
2–6 ft |
Large bright flowers give contrast with dark green foliage |
|
Zigzag Iris |
Iris brevicaulis |
F-P |
A-W |
8-20 in |
Shade-tolerant wild iris; violet-blue blooms; rhizomes toxic |
|
Western Blue Flag |
Iris missouriensis |
F-P |
W-A |
10-28 in |
Blue-violet wet-meadow iris; toxic, deer-resistant, alkaline-tolerant |
|
Blue Flag Iris |
Iris shrevei |
F-P |
W-A |
12–36 in |
Deep blue markings with yellow flowers June-July |
|
Trailing Ratany |
Krameria lanceolata |
F |
D |
2-6 in |
Trailing root-hemiparasite; magenta flowers for specialist oil bees |
|
Wood Nettle |
Laportea canadensis |
P-S |
A-W |
1-5 ft |
Stinging hairs; moist shade; red admiral butterfly host |
|
R.H. Bush Clover |
Lespedeza capitata |
F |
A-D |
2–4 ft |
Bronze seedheads attract and feed birds |
|
Rough Blazing Star |
Liatris aspera |
F |
A-D |
1–4 ft |
Pinkish-purple stalks of interesting flowers Aug-Sept. |
|
Cusp Blazing Star |
Liatris mucronata |
F |
A-D |
1–3 ft |
Rocky-soil fall bloomer on a deep corm; key late nectar for monarchs |
|
Prairie Blazing Star |
Liatris pycnostachya |
F |
W-A |
2–5 ft |
Rounded fluffy rose-purple flowerheads on long spikes |
|
Turk's Cap Lily |
Lilium michiganese |
F-S |
W-A |
2–5 ft |
Large flowers with yellow-orange spotted, curved petals |
|
Stiffstem Flax |
Linum rigidum |
F |
D |
6–20 in |
Sparse dryland annual, red-eyed yellow flowers, self-seeds |
|
Great Blue Lobelia |
Lobelia siphilitica |
P |
W-A |
24–36 in |
Elongated clusters of pale-dark blue flowers late sum-fall |
|
Lacy Tansyaster |
Machaeranthera pinnatifida |
F |
D |
6-18 in |
Spiny lacy leaves; long-blooming yellow daisies; poor rocky soil |
|
Starry False Lily |
Maianthemum stellatum |
P-S |
A-D |
8-18 in |
Rhizomatous woodland groundcover; starry flowers; berries inedible |
|
American Wild Mint |
Mentha arvensis |
F-P |
W-A |
6in-2ft |
Native wetland mint; spreads by rhizome; flowers at leaf joints |
|
Winged Monkeyflower |
Mimulus alatus |
P-S |
W-A |
1-3 ft |
Wet-soil wildflower; violet blooms July-Sept; shade to part shade |
|
White Four O'Clock |
Mirabilis albida |
F-P |
D |
1-2.5 ft |
Prairie taproot perennial, evening pink blooms; very drought tolerant |
|
Lemon Beebalm |
Monarda citriodora |
F-P |
A-D |
1-2.5 ft |
Aromatic annual wildflower; reseeds freely; magnet for native bees |
|
Wild Bergamot |
Monarda fistulosa |
F-P |
A-D |
2–5 ft |
Intricate lavender flowers attract butterflies July-Sept. |
|
Spotted Beebalm |
Monarda punctata |
F |
D |
1-3 ft |
Thyme-scented; purple-spotted flowers draw wasps and bees |
|
Indian Pipe |
Monotropa uniflora |
S |
A-W |
3-10 in |
Non-photosynthetic; parasitizes fungi; never dig or transplant |
|
Evening Primrose |
Oenothera biennis |
F |
A-D |
2–4 ft |
Lemon-scented yellow flowers open at dusk, close by noon |
|
Scarlet Beeblossom |
Oenothera suffrutescens |
F |
D |
1–3 ft |
Full sun, dry soil; moths pollinate; spreads by rhizomes |
|
Eastern Prickly-pear |
Opuntia humifusa |
F |
D |
4–12 in (spreads 2–6 ft) |
Native cactus, yellow flowers, sharp glochids, sandy/rocky soil |
|
Yellow wood sorrel |
Oxalis stricta |
F-S |
W-A |
4-12 in |
Weedy native groundcover; oxalate leaves, not for eating |
|
Wild Quinine |
Parthenium integrifolium |
F-P |
A-D |
2-4 ft |
Long-blooming white prairie forb; handle foliage with gloves |
|
Elephant's Head |
Pedicularis groenlandica |
F-P |
W |
6–24 in |
Wet meadow specialist; needs saturated soil, often near sedges |
|
Beardtongue |
Penstemon digitalis |
F-P |
A |
2–5 ft |
Long-blooming pure white flowers June into midsummer |
|
Large-flo. Penstemon |
Penstemon grandiflorus |
F |
A-D |
24–36 in |
Resembles lavender foxglove; attracts hummingbirds |
|
White Prairie Clover |
Petalostemum candidum |
F |
A |
12–24 in |
Dense white 1-3" cylindrical flower spikes on 1-3' stalks |
|
Purple Prairie Clover |
Petalostemum purpureum |
F |
A-D |
12–24 in |
Dense bright purple cylindrical flower spikes on 1-3' stalks |
|
Fameflower |
Phemeranthus calycinus |
F |
D |
4-10 in |
Rock-garden succulent; afternoon magenta blooms; needs sharp drainage |
|
Blue Phlox |
Phlox divaricata |
P-S |
A |
6–12 in |
Covered with 1.5" rosy lavender to pink flowers in spring |
|
Prairie Phlox |
Phlox polosa |
F |
A-D |
12–24 in |
Bright pink spring flowers make strong visual impact |
|
Obedient Plant |
Physostegia virginiana |
F-P |
A |
2–4 ft |
Resembles pink foxglove; flowers can be moved, stay put |
|
Pokeweed |
Phytolacca americana |
F-P |
A |
4-10 ft |
Poisonous perennial; exceptional fall bird food; self-sows |
|
Solomon's Seal |
Polygonatum biflorum |
S |
A |
1–5 ft |
.5" bell-shaped greenish-white flowers hang from leaf axils |
|
Common Cinquefoil |
Potentilla simplex |
F-P |
A-D |
4-10 in |
Mat-forming groundcover; tolerates mowing, poor soil; deer resistant |
|
Rabbit Tobacco |
Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium |
F-P |
A-D |
1-3 ft |
Annual/biennial; dry poor soils; cream everlasting flowers fall |
|
Mountain Mint |
Pycnanthemu. virginianum |
F-P |
W-A |
24–36 in |
Mint aroma; clusters of white flowers attract butterflies |
|
Prairie Coneflower |
Ratibida columnifera |
F |
A-D |
18–36 in |
Black cone-shaped head, drooping red or yellow petals |
|
Gray-headed Coneflower |
Ratibida pinnata |
F-P |
A-D |
3-5 ft |
Long-blooming prairie perennial with drooping yellow rays, anise scent |
|
Black-eyed Susan |
Rudbeckia hirta |
F-P |
A-D |
12–24 in |
2-4" flower heads with 10-20 bright yellow petals, sum-fall |
|
Sweet Black-eyed Susan |
Rudbeckia subtomentosa |
F-P |
A-W |
3-6 ft |
Fragrant foliage, long bloom; prefers consistently moist soil |
|
Wild Petunia |
Ruellia humilis |
F-P |
D-A |
6-18 in |
Low bushy prairie/glade native; drought-tolerant, butterfly host plant |
|
Lyreleaf Sage |
Salvia lyrata |
F-P |
A-D |
0.5-2 ft |
Flat lobed rosette; lavender spikes; tolerates mowing, self-seeds |
|
Blue Sage |
Salvia pitcheri |
F |
D |
2–4 ft |
Tall, lanky; blooms in fall; butterflies, hummingbirds like |
|
Rosinweed |
Silphium integrifolium |
F |
A |
2–6 ft |
Bright, yellow daisy-like flowers in late summer |
|
Compass Plant |
Silphium laciniatum |
F |
A |
3–12 ft |
Sunflower-like flowers; basal leaves orient North-South |
|
Cup Plant |
Silphium perfoliatum |
F |
A |
3–6 ft |
Sunflower-like flowers; pairs of cup-forming leaves |
|
White-eyed Grass |
Sisyrinchium campestre |
F |
A-D |
8–15 in |
Iris-like foliage topped with delightful 5" light blue flowers |
|
Tall Goldenrod |
Solidago altissima |
F-P |
A-D |
3–7 ft |
Spreads by rhizome; vital late-season pollinator nectar source |
|
Canada Goldenrod |
Solidago canadensis |
F-P |
A |
2-5 ft |
Fast-spreading fall bloomer, superb for pollinators; needs room |
|
Gray Goldenrod |
Solidago nemoralis |
F |
A-D |
6–24 in |
Arching stalks of golden yellow flowers bloom in fall |
|
Stiff Goldenrod |
Solidago rigida |
F |
A-D |
1–5 ft |
Bright yellow flat-topped flowers loved by birds, butterflies |
|
Showy Goldenrod |
Solidago speciosa |
F-P |
A-D |
1–5 ft |
Foot-long wands of blazing yellow in early autumn |
|
Wright's Goldenrod |
Solidago wrightii |
P |
A |
1–3 ft |
Montane woodland goldenrod, late-season bloom, part shade |
|
Aromatic Aster |
Symphyotrichum oblongifolium |
F |
D-A |
1-2.5 ft |
Dry/rocky sites; cultivar 'October Skies' widely sold |
|
Sky Blue Aster |
Symphyotrichum oolentangiense (syn. Aster oolentangiensis) |
F |
A |
18–36 in |
Spreading branches with 1" blue flowers bloom sum-fall |
|
Four-nerve Daisy |
Tetraneuris scaposa |
F |
A-D |
4–10 in |
Evergreen; long spring–fall bloom; needs rocky, sharp drainage |
|
Tall Meadow Rue |
Thalictrum dasycarpum |
S-P |
A |
3–5 ft |
Branched sprays of tiny purplish-white flowers (May-July) |
|
Greenthread |
Thelesperma filifolium |
F |
A-D |
1-2.5 ft |
Fast-reseeding gold prairie annual; thrives on poor rocky soil |
|
Meadow Death Camas |
Toxicoscordion venenosum |
F-P |
A-D |
8–28 in |
HIGHLY TOXIC if eaten; toxic native wildflower, not for food gardens |
|
Bracted Spiderwort |
Tradescantia bracteata |
F-P |
A-D |
10–18 in |
Blue 3-petal flowers close by midday; blooms June-July |
|
American Stinging Nettle |
Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis |
P-S |
A-W |
3–7 ft |
Stings on contact, wear gloves; native butterfly host plant |
|
California Corn Lily |
Veratrum californicum |
F-P |
W-A |
3–7 ft |
Extremely poisonous wet-meadow perennial; keep from livestock/pets |
|
Blue Verbena |
Verbena gastata |
F-P |
A |
2–5 ft |
Small blue flowers crowded into terminal spikes (Jun-Oct) |
|
Wingstem |
Verbesina alternifolia |
F-P |
A-W |
3-8 ft |
Spreads by rhizome in moist soil; late-summer yellow blooms |
|
Western Ironweed |
Vernonia baldwinii |
F-P |
A-D |
2–5 ft |
Magenta prairie bloomer, avoided by livestock; great for monarchs |
|
Ironweed |
Vernonia fasciculata |
F |
A |
3–6 ft |
Blast of crimson color in fall; plant has good posture |
|
Common Blue Violet |
Viola papilionacea |
S-P |
A |
4–8 in |
Excellent groundcover with purple flowers in the spring |
|
Golden Alexanders |
Zizea aurea |
F-S |
A |
12–36 in |
Bright yellow color can brighten up a shady spot |